Green America Recycling Fined $28,337 for Hazardous Waste Violations
EPA found the Missouri facility failed to properly store, label, and monitor dangerous materials, exposing workers and the community to environmental and health risks.
Green America Recycling, a hazardous waste fuel blending facility in Hannibal, Missouri, violated multiple federal hazardous waste regulations. EPA inspectors found unmarked containers, improperly stored hazardous waste, unreported equipment leaks, and mislabeled universal waste. The company agreed to pay a $28,337 civil penalty without admitting wrongdoing and must obtain permit modifications to continue certain storage practices.
This settlement shows how companies can violate environmental protections, pay modest fines, and continue operations without admitting fault.
The Allegations: A Breakdown
| 01 | Green America Recycling failed to mark two roll-off containers holding hazardous waste with accumulation start dates, making it impossible to track how long dangerous materials sat on-site. This violated permit conditions requiring clear visible dating on each container. | high |
| 02 | Inspectors observed five 30-yard roll-off containers containing Finish Feed hazardous waste that were not closed during storage. The permit required containers to remain closed except when adding or removing waste, creating immediate spill and emission risks. | high |
| 03 | The company failed to document barrier fluid leaking from a pump in the liquid fuel tanker truck unloading area. The leak was visible during inspection but was not recorded in Daily Inspection Reports for February 10-16, 2023. | high |
| 04 | Two five-gallon buckets containing waste lamps bore labels reading ‘Universal Waste – Used Bulbs’ but lacked the required federal phrases ‘Universal Waste – Lamp(s),’ ‘Waste Lamp(s),’ or ‘Used Lamp(s).’ This mislabeling violated hazardous waste identification requirements. | medium |
| 05 | The facility potentially stored hazardous waste in its Special Solidification and Treatment Unit for longer than the consecutive 24-hour period allowed by its permit. The company is now seeking permit modifications to legitimize extended storage after EPA identified this issue. | high |
| 01 | Green America Recycling operates under both Missouri-issued Part I and EPA-issued Part II permits originally granted in October 1999. Despite 26 years of permitted operations, the February 2023 inspection revealed multiple ongoing violations of basic permit conditions. | medium |
| 02 | The settlement allows Green America Recycling to state it ‘neither admits nor denies the specific factual information’ about the violations. This legal language lets the company avoid acknowledging wrongdoing while paying the penalty. | medium |
| 03 | EPA can impose civil penalties up to $121,275 per day for each violation occurring after November 2, 2015. The agreed penalty of $28,337 represents a fraction of the maximum possible fine, even though inspectors documented multiple simultaneous violations. | high |
| 04 | The consent agreement reserves EPA’s right to pursue additional enforcement if the company’s representations prove inaccurate, but places the burden on regulators to discover and prove new violations rather than requiring ongoing verified compliance. | medium |
| 05 | Green America Recycling submitted its permit renewal application in October 2009, but the Missouri Part I permit was not reissued until November 2019 and the EPA Part II permit until August 2021. This decade-long process allowed continued operations under outdated permits. | medium |
| 06 | The settlement requires the company to notify EPA within five business days if it receives permit modification approval for extended storage times, but imposes no penalty if the modification is denied. The company can continue operating under the restriction without additional consequences. | low |
| 01 | The facility handles hazardous waste used as supplemental fuel for Portland cement production. Using hazardous waste as fuel reduces disposal costs and provides cheaper energy than conventional fuels, creating financial incentives to maximize throughput even if safety protocols are compromised. | high |
| 02 | Properly marking containers with accumulation dates, ensuring all containers remain closed, and maintaining daily inspection logs all require consistent labor and oversight investments. The violations suggest these compliance costs were deprioritized. | medium |
| 03 | The $28,337 penalty amounts to approximately $367 per employee at the 77-person facility. For a company handling large volumes of hazardous waste for industrial fuel, this fine likely represents a minor operational expense rather than a significant deterrent. | high |
| 04 | Green America Recycling is pursuing a permit modification to allow hazardous waste storage in the SSTU beyond the current 24-hour limit only after EPA identified potential violations. This reactive approach suggests the company operated outside permit limits until caught. | high |
| 05 | The settlement resolves violations identified in February 2023 with a final order filed in April 2025. This two-year gap allowed the facility to continue operations and revenue generation throughout the enforcement process with no operational suspension. | medium |
| 01 | Open containers of Finish Feed hazardous waste allow volatile compounds to evaporate into the air and create spill risks. Workers in the storage areas face direct respiratory exposure, while emissions can drift to surrounding properties. | high |
| 02 | The facility burns liquid and solid hazardous waste as supplemental fuel in cement kiln pre-calciner systems. Incomplete monitoring of leaks in the fuel handling system means hazardous materials can contaminate soil and groundwater without detection. | high |
| 03 | Barrier fluid leaking from a pump went unrecorded in inspection logs for at least seven days in February 2023. Continuous unreported leaks create pathways for hazardous substances to enter stormwater systems and accumulate in the environment. | high |
| 04 | The facility stores and treats characteristic hazardous waste plus F-listed, K-listed, P-listed, and U-listed hazardous wastes, including F032, F034, and F035 wastes. Improper storage of these materials poses risks of chemical reactions, fires, or toxic releases. | high |
| 05 | Mislabeling universal waste such as spent fluorescent lamps and multi-vapor bulbs increases the risk that workers or disposal contractors will handle these mercury-containing items improperly, potentially releasing toxic metals into the waste stream. | medium |
| 06 | Without accurate accumulation start dates on containers, hazardous waste can remain on-site indefinitely without triggering disposal timelines. Prolonged storage increases the likelihood of container degradation, leaks, and worker exposure over time. | high |
| 01 | The consent agreement explicitly states that Green America Recycling ‘neither admits nor denies the specific factual information’ about the violations. The company pays the fine but avoids any formal acknowledgment of wrongdoing or liability. | high |
| 02 | Respondent waived its right to contest the allegations and to appeal the Final Order by signing the consent agreement. This procedural shortcut prevents any public hearing where evidence would be tested and findings would become part of the formal record. | medium |
| 03 | The settlement contains a clause stating that payment of the penalty ‘shall not be deductible for purposes of Federal, State, and local taxes.’ This suggests companies might otherwise treat environmental penalties as ordinary deductible business expenses. | medium |
| 04 | EPA reserved the right to pursue additional enforcement only if it discovers new violations or if the company’s certification of current compliance proves false. The burden falls on regulators to catch future misconduct rather than the company to prove ongoing compliance. | medium |
| 05 | The agreement explicitly states that full payment and compliance actions ‘shall only resolve Respondent’s liability for federal civil penalties for the violations and potential violation identified herein.’ Past violations are resolved with no admission, and the slate is functionally wiped clean. | high |
| 06 | Green America Recycling certified ‘that to the best of its knowledge, it is presently in compliance with all requirements of RCRA.’ This self-certification, made after documented violations, requires no third-party verification or ongoing monitoring commitment. | medium |
| 07 | The final order was signed by Nicolas Marks as Senior Vice President on behalf of Green America Recycling. No individual employee or executive faces personal liability, fines, or restrictions, insulating decision-makers from consequences. | high |
| 01 | Green America Recycling first notified EPA as a Large Quantity Generator of hazardous waste on March 22, 1990. The facility has operated for 35 years, but the February 2023 inspection was a joint EPA-Missouri compliance evaluation, suggesting infrequent comprehensive oversight. | medium |
| 02 | The company submitted its permit renewal application in October 2009. Missouri did not reissue the Part I permit until November 2019, a ten-year gap during which the facility operated under the original 1999 permit terms. | medium |
| 03 | EPA did not reissue the Part II permit until August 2021, twelve years after the renewal application. These extended timelines allowed the facility to continue hazardous waste operations under outdated authorizations while regulators processed paperwork. | medium |
| 04 | Inspectors conducted their compliance evaluation in February 2023, but the consent agreement was not filed until April 2, 2025. The company operated for over two years between the documented violations and the final settlement with no interim enforcement actions. | high |
| 05 | The settlement allows Green America Recycling to continue seeking a permit modification for extended storage in the SSTU with no deadline for resolution. The company can maintain the status quo of limited 24-hour storage indefinitely if the modification process drags on. | medium |
| 06 | EPA will issue a termination letter only after Green America Recycling demonstrates that a temporary authorization or permit modification has been issued or that it will not store waste beyond 24 hours. No time limit is imposed for achieving this outcome. | low |
| 01 | Green America Recycling violated multiple hazardous waste regulations designed to protect workers and communities from toxic exposure. The company’s settlement allows it to pay a modest fine without admitting fault, preserving its reputation and limiting liability. | high |
| 02 | The $28,337 penalty is a small fraction of the maximum $121,275 per day per violation authorized under federal law. This discrepancy suggests the enforcement system treats hazardous waste violations as minor infractions rather than serious public health threats. | high |
| 03 | The two-year gap between the inspection and final settlement, combined with the decade-long permit renewal process, demonstrates how regulatory delay allows companies to continue profitable operations while accountability remains pending. | high |
| 04 | Green America Recycling’s effort to modify its permit after EPA identified potential storage violations shows how companies can retroactively seek regulatory approval for practices that may have already exceeded existing limits, effectively rewriting the rules after the fact. | high |
| 05 | This case illustrates a pattern where environmental enforcement prioritizes bureaucratic resolution over substantive accountability. Companies can settle violations, avoid admissions of wrongdoing, and resume operations with minimal disruption or reputational damage. | high |
Timeline of Events
Direct Quotes from the Legal Record
“Respondent: (a) admits the jurisdictional information set forth herein; (b) neither admits nor denies the specific factual information stated herein; (c) consents to the assessment of a civil penalty, as stated herein”
💡 The company pays the fine but avoids formally acknowledging it broke the law, limiting legal and reputational consequences.
“At the time of the inspection, the inspector observed two roll-off containers labeled with the words ‘Hazardous Waste’ that were not marked or labeled with accumulation start dates.”
💡 Without start dates, regulators cannot verify how long dangerous materials sit on-site, creating indefinite storage risks.
“At the time of the inspection, the inspector observed five (5) 30-yard roll-off containers containing Finish Feed hazardous waste that were not closed.”
💡 Open containers allow toxic vapors to escape and create spill risks, directly violating permit conditions meant to protect workers and the community.
“At the time of the inspection, the inspector observed barrier fluid leaking from the pump in the liquid fuel tanker truck unloading area. Further review of documents entitled ‘Daily Inspection Report,’ ‘Liquid Fuel Storage/Blend Tanks & Containment Areas,’ and ‘Liquid Fuel Tanker Truck Unloading Area’ for February 10–16, 2023, did not identify the pump as leaking.”
💡 The company’s own inspection logs failed to catch or report an active hazardous material leak, showing a breakdown in monitoring systems.
“At the time of the inspection, the inspector observed two white five-gallon polyethylene buckets labeled with the words ‘Universal Waste – Used Bulbs’ and were not labeled with the required phrases, ‘Universal Waste – Lamp(s),’ ‘Waste Lamp(s),’ or ‘Used Lamp(s).'”
💡 Incorrect labels on mercury-containing lamps create risks of improper handling and disposal by workers and contractors.
“Section 3008(a)(3) of RCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 6928(a)(3), authorizes a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per day for each violation. The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015, 28 U.S.C. § 2461, and implementing regulations at 40 C.F.R. Part 19, increased these statutory maximum penalties to $37,500 for violations that occurred before November 2, 2015, and to $121,275 for violations that occur after November 2, 2015”
💡 Federal law allows penalties of up to $121,275 per day per violation, but Green America Recycling paid a total of $28,337 for multiple violations.
“By signing this consent agreement, Respondent waives/Respondents waive any rights or defenses that Respondent has/Respondents have or may have for this matter to be resolved in federal court, including but not limited to any right to a jury trial, and waives any right to challenge the lawfulness of the final order accompanying the consent agreement.”
💡 The settlement requires the company to give up all rights to contest the allegations or the process in court.
“During the RCRA inspection conducted by EPA on February 15 and 16, 2023, EPA identified a potential violation of Respondent’s Part I – Permit Condition V.C.4.b and alleged Respondent was storing hazardous waste at Feed Prep #2 (‘FP#2’) for more than a consecutive 24-hour period allowed by Respondent’s Missouri Hazardous Waste Management Facility Part I Permit”
💡 The company stored hazardous waste longer than its permit allowed, and is now seeking to change the permit retroactively after being caught.
“Respondent certifies by the signing of this Consent Agreement and Final Order that to the best of its knowledge, it is presently in compliance with all requirements of RCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 6901 et. seq., its implementing regulations, and any permit issued pursuant to RCRA.”
💡 After documented violations, the company self-certifies compliance with no requirement for independent verification.
“Full payment of the penalty proposed in this Consent Agreement and compliance with requirements of the Compliance Action section shall only resolve Respondent’s liability for federal civil penalties for the violations and potential violation identified herein. Complainant reserves the right to take any enforcement action with respect to any other violations of RCRA or any other applicable law.”
💡 The company resolves only the specific violations EPA documented, leaving open the possibility of undetected or future violations.
“Respondent has submitted a permit modification to MoDNR to clarify that storage in the SSTU is not limited to a consecutive 24-hour period. Respondent and MoDNR have indicated that they anticipate a permit modification which will allow Respondent to store hazardous waste in SSTU for more than a consecutive 24-hour period.”
💡 Rather than conform to existing permit limits, the company is seeking to change the rules after EPA identified potential violations.
“The penalty specified herein shall represent civil penalties assessed by EPA and shall not be deductible for purposes of Federal, State, and local taxes.”
💡 This clause suggests that without it, companies might treat environmental penalties as ordinary deductible business expenses.
“Respondent operates a hazardous waste fuel blending facility located at 10107 Highway 79, Hannibal, Missouri 63401. The hazardous waste fuel blending facility includes receiving, sampling, off-loading, storing, and processing the waste received at the facility, which is used as fuel for the production of Portland cement at the facility.”
💡 The facility burns hazardous waste as cheap fuel for cement production, creating financial incentives to maximize waste throughput.
“These permits allow GAR to store and treat ‘characteristic’ hazardous waste, as well as various F-, K-, P- and U-listed hazardous wastes; and to burn liquid and solid hazardous waste, as supplemental fuel, in the pre-calciner burner system within the rotary cement kiln system. In addition to hazardous waste codes authorized by the MoDNR Part I Permit, the EPA Part II permit allows GAR to continue to store and treat F032, F034 and F035-listed hazardous waste”
💡 The facility handles a wide variety of listed hazardous wastes, increasing the potential severity of improper storage or leaks.
“Notwithstanding any other provision of this Consent Agreement and Final Order, EPA reserves the right to enforce the terms and conditions of this Consent Agreement and Final Order by initiating a judicial or administrative action under Section 3008 of RCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 6928, and to seek penalties against Respondent in an amount not to exceed Seventy Thousand Seven Hundred Fifty-Two Dollars ($70,752) per day, per violation”
💡 If the company violates the settlement terms, EPA can pursue new penalties of up to $70,752 per day, but only if regulators detect and prove the violations.
Frequently Asked Questions
You can read all about this ironic environmental scandal by visiting the EPA’s website: https://yosemite.epa.gov/OA/RHC/EPAAdmin.nsf/Filings/786D408A22148F7685258C6000584581/$File/Green%20America%20Recycling%20Consent%20Agreement%20and%20Final%20Order.pdf
💡 Explore Corporate Misconduct by Category
Corporations harm people every day — from wage theft to pollution. Learn more by exploring key areas of injustice.
- 💀 Product Safety Violations — When companies risk lives for profit.
- 🌿 Environmental Violations — Pollution, ecological collapse, and unchecked greed.
- 💼 Labor Exploitation — Wage theft, worker abuse, and unsafe conditions.
- 🛡️ Data Breaches & Privacy Abuses — Misuse and mishandling of personal information.
- 💵 Financial Fraud & Corruption — Lies, scams, and executive impunity.