How Green America Recycling’s Hazardous Waste Violations Expose Systemic Greed.

Green America Recycling Fined $28,337 for Hazardous Waste Violations
Corporate Misconduct Accountability Project

Green America Recycling Fined $28,337 for Hazardous Waste Violations

EPA found the Missouri facility failed to properly store, label, and monitor dangerous materials, exposing workers and the community to environmental and health risks.

HIGH SEVERITY
TL;DR

Green America Recycling, a hazardous waste fuel blending facility in Hannibal, Missouri, violated multiple federal hazardous waste regulations. EPA inspectors found unmarked containers, improperly stored hazardous waste, unreported equipment leaks, and mislabeled universal waste. The company agreed to pay a $28,337 civil penalty without admitting wrongdoing and must obtain permit modifications to continue certain storage practices.

This settlement shows how companies can violate environmental protections, pay modest fines, and continue operations without admitting fault.

$28,337
Civil penalty agreed to by Green America Recycling
77
Number of employees at the facility
5
Open containers of hazardous waste found during inspection
$121,275
Maximum penalty per day per violation under federal law

The Allegations: A Breakdown

โš ๏ธ
Core Allegations
What they did · 5 points
01 Green America Recycling failed to mark two roll-off containers holding hazardous waste with accumulation start dates, making it impossible to track how long dangerous materials sat on-site. This violated permit conditions requiring clear visible dating on each container. high
02 Inspectors observed five 30-yard roll-off containers containing Finish Feed hazardous waste that were not closed during storage. The permit required containers to remain closed except when adding or removing waste, creating immediate spill and emission risks. high
03 The company failed to document barrier fluid leaking from a pump in the liquid fuel tanker truck unloading area. The leak was visible during inspection but was not recorded in Daily Inspection Reports for February 10-16, 2023. high
04 Two five-gallon buckets containing waste lamps bore labels reading ‘Universal Waste – Used Bulbs’ but lacked the required federal phrases ‘Universal Waste – Lamp(s),’ ‘Waste Lamp(s),’ or ‘Used Lamp(s).’ This mislabeling violated hazardous waste identification requirements. medium
05 The facility potentially stored hazardous waste in its Special Solidification and Treatment Unit for longer than the consecutive 24-hour period allowed by its permit. The company is now seeking permit modifications to legitimize extended storage after EPA identified this issue. high
๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Regulatory Failures
Where oversight broke down · 6 points
01 Green America Recycling operates under both Missouri-issued Part I and EPA-issued Part II permits originally granted in October 1999. Despite 26 years of permitted operations, the February 2023 inspection revealed multiple ongoing violations of basic permit conditions. medium
02 The settlement allows Green America Recycling to state it ‘neither admits nor denies the specific factual information’ about the violations. This legal language lets the company avoid acknowledging wrongdoing while paying the penalty. medium
03 EPA can impose civil penalties up to $121,275 per day for each violation occurring after November 2, 2015. The agreed penalty of $28,337 represents a fraction of the maximum possible fine, even though inspectors documented multiple simultaneous violations. high
04 The consent agreement reserves EPA’s right to pursue additional enforcement if the company’s representations prove inaccurate, but places the burden on regulators to discover and prove new violations rather than requiring ongoing verified compliance. medium
05 Green America Recycling submitted its permit renewal application in October 2009, but the Missouri Part I permit was not reissued until November 2019 and the EPA Part II permit until August 2021. This decade-long process allowed continued operations under outdated permits. medium
06 The settlement requires the company to notify EPA within five business days if it receives permit modification approval for extended storage times, but imposes no penalty if the modification is denied. The company can continue operating under the restriction without additional consequences. low
๐Ÿ’ฐ
Profit Over People
Cost-cutting at public expense · 5 points
01 The facility handles hazardous waste used as supplemental fuel for Portland cement production. Using hazardous waste as fuel reduces disposal costs and provides cheaper energy than conventional fuels, creating financial incentives to maximize throughput even if safety protocols are compromised. high
02 Properly marking containers with accumulation dates, ensuring all containers remain closed, and maintaining daily inspection logs all require consistent labor and oversight investments. The violations suggest these compliance costs were deprioritized. medium
03 The $28,337 penalty amounts to approximately $367 per employee at the 77-person facility. For a company handling large volumes of hazardous waste for industrial fuel, this fine likely represents a minor operational expense rather than a significant deterrent. high
04 Green America Recycling is pursuing a permit modification to allow hazardous waste storage in the SSTU beyond the current 24-hour limit only after EPA identified potential violations. This reactive approach suggests the company operated outside permit limits until caught. high
05 The settlement resolves violations identified in February 2023 with a final order filed in April 2025. This two-year gap allowed the facility to continue operations and revenue generation throughout the enforcement process with no operational suspension. medium
๐Ÿฅ
Public Health and Safety
Risks to workers and community · 6 points
01 Open containers of Finish Feed hazardous waste allow volatile compounds to evaporate into the air and create spill risks. Workers in the storage areas face direct respiratory exposure, while emissions can drift to surrounding properties. high
02 The facility burns liquid and solid hazardous waste as supplemental fuel in cement kiln pre-calciner systems. Incomplete monitoring of leaks in the fuel handling system means hazardous materials can contaminate soil and groundwater without detection. high
03 Barrier fluid leaking from a pump went unrecorded in inspection logs for at least seven days in February 2023. Continuous unreported leaks create pathways for hazardous substances to enter stormwater systems and accumulate in the environment. high
04 The facility stores and treats characteristic hazardous waste plus F-listed, K-listed, P-listed, and U-listed hazardous wastes, including F032, F034, and F035 wastes. Improper storage of these materials poses risks of chemical reactions, fires, or toxic releases. high
05 Mislabeling universal waste such as spent fluorescent lamps and multi-vapor bulbs increases the risk that workers or disposal contractors will handle these mercury-containing items improperly, potentially releasing toxic metals into the waste stream. medium
06 Without accurate accumulation start dates on containers, hazardous waste can remain on-site indefinitely without triggering disposal timelines. Prolonged storage increases the likelihood of container degradation, leaks, and worker exposure over time. high
โš–๏ธ
Corporate Accountability Failures
How the company avoided real consequences · 7 points
01 The consent agreement explicitly states that Green America Recycling ‘neither admits nor denies the specific factual information’ about the violations. The company pays the fine but avoids any formal acknowledgment of wrongdoing or liability. high
02 Respondent waived its right to contest the allegations and to appeal the Final Order by signing the consent agreement. This procedural shortcut prevents any public hearing where evidence would be tested and findings would become part of the formal record. medium
03 The settlement contains a clause stating that payment of the penalty ‘shall not be deductible for purposes of Federal, State, and local taxes.’ This suggests companies might otherwise treat environmental penalties as ordinary deductible business expenses. medium
04 EPA reserved the right to pursue additional enforcement only if it discovers new violations or if the company’s certification of current compliance proves false. The burden falls on regulators to catch future misconduct rather than the company to prove ongoing compliance. medium
05 The agreement explicitly states that full payment and compliance actions ‘shall only resolve Respondent’s liability for federal civil penalties for the violations and potential violation identified herein.’ Past violations are resolved with no admission, and the slate is functionally wiped clean. high
06 Green America Recycling certified ‘that to the best of its knowledge, it is presently in compliance with all requirements of RCRA.’ This self-certification, made after documented violations, requires no third-party verification or ongoing monitoring commitment. medium
07 The final order was signed by Nicolas Marks as Senior Vice President on behalf of Green America Recycling. No individual employee or executive faces personal liability, fines, or restrictions, insulating decision-makers from consequences. high
โณ
Exploiting Delay
How time worked in the company’s favor · 6 points
01 Green America Recycling first notified EPA as a Large Quantity Generator of hazardous waste on March 22, 1990. The facility has operated for 35 years, but the February 2023 inspection was a joint EPA-Missouri compliance evaluation, suggesting infrequent comprehensive oversight. medium
02 The company submitted its permit renewal application in October 2009. Missouri did not reissue the Part I permit until November 2019, a ten-year gap during which the facility operated under the original 1999 permit terms. medium
03 EPA did not reissue the Part II permit until August 2021, twelve years after the renewal application. These extended timelines allowed the facility to continue hazardous waste operations under outdated authorizations while regulators processed paperwork. medium
04 Inspectors conducted their compliance evaluation in February 2023, but the consent agreement was not filed until April 2, 2025. The company operated for over two years between the documented violations and the final settlement with no interim enforcement actions. high
05 The settlement allows Green America Recycling to continue seeking a permit modification for extended storage in the SSTU with no deadline for resolution. The company can maintain the status quo of limited 24-hour storage indefinitely if the modification process drags on. medium
06 EPA will issue a termination letter only after Green America Recycling demonstrates that a temporary authorization or permit modification has been issued or that it will not store waste beyond 24 hours. No time limit is imposed for achieving this outcome. low
๐Ÿ“Œ
The Bottom Line
What this case reveals · 5 points
01 Green America Recycling violated multiple hazardous waste regulations designed to protect workers and communities from toxic exposure. The company’s settlement allows it to pay a modest fine without admitting fault, preserving its reputation and limiting liability. high
02 The $28,337 penalty is a small fraction of the maximum $121,275 per day per violation authorized under federal law. This discrepancy suggests the enforcement system treats hazardous waste violations as minor infractions rather than serious public health threats. high
03 The two-year gap between the inspection and final settlement, combined with the decade-long permit renewal process, demonstrates how regulatory delay allows companies to continue profitable operations while accountability remains pending. high
04 Green America Recycling’s effort to modify its permit after EPA identified potential storage violations shows how companies can retroactively seek regulatory approval for practices that may have already exceeded existing limits, effectively rewriting the rules after the fact. high
05 This case illustrates a pattern where environmental enforcement prioritizes bureaucratic resolution over substantive accountability. Companies can settle violations, avoid admissions of wrongdoing, and resume operations with minimal disruption or reputational damage. high

Timeline of Events

March 1990
Green America Recycling notified EPA as a Large Quantity Generator of hazardous waste, receiving RCRA ID number MOD054018288.
October 1999
Missouri Department of Natural Resources and EPA issued original Part I and Part II permits allowing hazardous waste storage, treatment, and burning as cement kiln fuel.
October 2009
Green America Recycling submitted permit renewal application to EPA and Missouri DNR.
November 2019
Missouri Department of Natural Resources reissued the Part I Hazardous Waste Management Facility Permit, effective November 18, 2019.
August 2021
EPA Region 7 reissued the Part II RCRA Hazardous Waste Management Facility Permit, effective August 31, 2021.
February 2023
EPA and Missouri DNR inspectors conducted joint RCRA Compliance Evaluation Inspection on February 15-16, 2023, documenting multiple violations.
April 2025
Consent Agreement and Final Order filed with U.S. EPA Region 7 on April 2, 2025, resolving violations with $28,337 civil penalty.

Direct Quotes from the Legal Record

QUOTE 1 No admission of wrongdoing accountability
“Respondent: (a) admits the jurisdictional information set forth herein; (b) neither admits nor denies the specific factual information stated herein; (c) consents to the assessment of a civil penalty, as stated herein”

๐Ÿ’ก The company pays the fine but avoids formally acknowledging it broke the law, limiting legal and reputational consequences.

QUOTE 2 Unmarked hazardous waste containers allegations
“At the time of the inspection, the inspector observed two roll-off containers labeled with the words ‘Hazardous Waste’ that were not marked or labeled with accumulation start dates.”

๐Ÿ’ก Without start dates, regulators cannot verify how long dangerous materials sit on-site, creating indefinite storage risks.

QUOTE 3 Open containers of hazardous waste allegations
“At the time of the inspection, the inspector observed five (5) 30-yard roll-off containers containing Finish Feed hazardous waste that were not closed.”

๐Ÿ’ก Open containers allow toxic vapors to escape and create spill risks, directly violating permit conditions meant to protect workers and the community.

QUOTE 4 Unreported equipment leak allegations
“At the time of the inspection, the inspector observed barrier fluid leaking from the pump in the liquid fuel tanker truck unloading area. Further review of documents entitled ‘Daily Inspection Report,’ ‘Liquid Fuel Storage/Blend Tanks & Containment Areas,’ and ‘Liquid Fuel Tanker Truck Unloading Area’ for February 10โ€“16, 2023, did not identify the pump as leaking.”

๐Ÿ’ก The company’s own inspection logs failed to catch or report an active hazardous material leak, showing a breakdown in monitoring systems.

QUOTE 5 Improper universal waste labeling allegations
“At the time of the inspection, the inspector observed two white five-gallon polyethylene buckets labeled with the words ‘Universal Waste – Used Bulbs’ and were not labeled with the required phrases, ‘Universal Waste โ€“ Lamp(s),’ ‘Waste Lamp(s),’ or ‘Used Lamp(s).'”

๐Ÿ’ก Incorrect labels on mercury-containing lamps create risks of improper handling and disposal by workers and contractors.

QUOTE 6 Penalty far below legal maximum regulatory
“Section 3008(a)(3) of RCRA, 42 U.S.C. ยง 6928(a)(3), authorizes a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per day for each violation. The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015, 28 U.S.C. ยง 2461, and implementing regulations at 40 C.F.R. Part 19, increased these statutory maximum penalties to $37,500 for violations that occurred before November 2, 2015, and to $121,275 for violations that occur after November 2, 2015”

๐Ÿ’ก Federal law allows penalties of up to $121,275 per day per violation, but Green America Recycling paid a total of $28,337 for multiple violations.

QUOTE 7 Waiver of all legal challenges accountability
“By signing this consent agreement, Respondent waives/Respondents waive any rights or defenses that Respondent has/Respondents have or may have for this matter to be resolved in federal court, including but not limited to any right to a jury trial, and waives any right to challenge the lawfulness of the final order accompanying the consent agreement.”

๐Ÿ’ก The settlement requires the company to give up all rights to contest the allegations or the process in court.

QUOTE 8 Storage time limit violation allegations
“During the RCRA inspection conducted by EPA on February 15 and 16, 2023, EPA identified a potential violation of Respondent’s Part I โ€“ Permit Condition V.C.4.b and alleged Respondent was storing hazardous waste at Feed Prep #2 (‘FP#2’) for more than a consecutive 24-hour period allowed by Respondent’s Missouri Hazardous Waste Management Facility Part I Permit”

๐Ÿ’ก The company stored hazardous waste longer than its permit allowed, and is now seeking to change the permit retroactively after being caught.

QUOTE 9 Company’s post-violation certification accountability
“Respondent certifies by the signing of this Consent Agreement and Final Order that to the best of its knowledge, it is presently in compliance with all requirements of RCRA, 42 U.S.C. ยง 6901 et. seq., its implementing regulations, and any permit issued pursuant to RCRA.”

๐Ÿ’ก After documented violations, the company self-certifies compliance with no requirement for independent verification.

QUOTE 10 Settlement only covers identified violations accountability
“Full payment of the penalty proposed in this Consent Agreement and compliance with requirements of the Compliance Action section shall only resolve Respondent’s liability for federal civil penalties for the violations and potential violation identified herein. Complainant reserves the right to take any enforcement action with respect to any other violations of RCRA or any other applicable law.”

๐Ÿ’ก The company resolves only the specific violations EPA documented, leaving open the possibility of undetected or future violations.

QUOTE 11 Permit modification after violation delay_tactics
“Respondent has submitted a permit modification to MoDNR to clarify that storage in the SSTU is not limited to a consecutive 24-hour period. Respondent and MoDNR have indicated that they anticipate a permit modification which will allow Respondent to store hazardous waste in SSTU for more than a consecutive 24-hour period.”

๐Ÿ’ก Rather than conform to existing permit limits, the company is seeking to change the rules after EPA identified potential violations.

QUOTE 12 Penalties not tax deductible profit
“The penalty specified herein shall represent civil penalties assessed by EPA and shall not be deductible for purposes of Federal, State, and local taxes.”

๐Ÿ’ก This clause suggests that without it, companies might treat environmental penalties as ordinary deductible business expenses.

QUOTE 13 What the facility does allegations
“Respondent operates a hazardous waste fuel blending facility located at 10107 Highway 79, Hannibal, Missouri 63401. The hazardous waste fuel blending facility includes receiving, sampling, off-loading, storing, and processing the waste received at the facility, which is used as fuel for the production of Portland cement at the facility.”

๐Ÿ’ก The facility burns hazardous waste as cheap fuel for cement production, creating financial incentives to maximize waste throughput.

QUOTE 14 Range of hazardous materials handled health
“These permits allow GAR to store and treat ‘characteristic’ hazardous waste, as well as various F-, K-, P- and U-listed hazardous wastes; and to burn liquid and solid hazardous waste, as supplemental fuel, in the pre-calciner burner system within the rotary cement kiln system. In addition to hazardous waste codes authorized by the MoDNR Part I Permit, the EPA Part II permit allows GAR to continue to store and treat F032, F034 and F035-listed hazardous waste”

๐Ÿ’ก The facility handles a wide variety of listed hazardous wastes, increasing the potential severity of improper storage or leaks.

QUOTE 15 EPA reserves enforcement rights regulatory
“Notwithstanding any other provision of this Consent Agreement and Final Order, EPA reserves the right to enforce the terms and conditions of this Consent Agreement and Final Order by initiating a judicial or administrative action under Section 3008 of RCRA, 42 U.S.C. ยง 6928, and to seek penalties against Respondent in an amount not to exceed Seventy Thousand Seven Hundred Fifty-Two Dollars ($70,752) per day, per violation”

๐Ÿ’ก If the company violates the settlement terms, EPA can pursue new penalties of up to $70,752 per day, but only if regulators detect and prove the violations.

Frequently Asked Questions

โ“What violations did Green America Recycling commit?
EPA found the company failed to mark hazardous waste containers with start dates, stored hazardous waste in unclosed containers, did not record equipment leaks in inspection logs, mislabeled universal waste lamps, and potentially stored hazardous waste longer than its permit allowed.
โ“How much was the company fined?
Green America Recycling agreed to pay a civil penalty of $28,337. Federal law allows penalties up to $121,275 per day for each violation occurring after November 2, 2015.
โ“Did the company admit wrongdoing?
No. The consent agreement states that Green America Recycling ‘neither admits nor denies the specific factual information’ about the violations. The company paid the fine but avoided formally acknowledging it broke the law.
โ“What risks do these violations create for workers and the community?
Open containers allow toxic vapors to escape and create spill risks. Unreported leaks can contaminate soil and groundwater. Unmarked containers mean hazardous materials can sit indefinitely without proper disposal. Mislabeled waste increases the chance of improper handling by workers.
โ“How long did it take EPA to resolve these violations?
EPA and Missouri inspectors documented the violations during a February 15-16, 2023 inspection. The consent agreement was not filed until April 2, 2025, over two years later. The company continued operations throughout this period.
โ“What kind of hazardous waste does this facility handle?
Green America Recycling stores and treats characteristic hazardous waste and various F-listed, K-listed, P-listed, and U-listed hazardous wastes. The facility burns this waste as supplemental fuel in cement kilns to produce Portland cement.
โ“Is the company still allowed to operate?
Yes. The settlement does not require the company to suspend operations. Green America Recycling continues to operate under its Missouri and EPA permits and is seeking a permit modification to allow longer hazardous waste storage times.
โ“How many workers are employed at this facility?
Approximately 77 people work at the Green America Recycling facility in Hannibal, Missouri. These workers are directly exposed to the risks created by improper hazardous waste storage and handling.
โ“Will the company face criminal charges or additional penalties?
The settlement resolves only the civil penalties for the violations EPA identified in the February 2023 inspection. EPA reserved the right to pursue criminal sanctions or additional enforcement if it discovers other violations, but the burden is on regulators to detect them.
โ“What can concerned community members do?
Community members can request public records from EPA Region 7 and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources about future inspections and compliance status. They can also file complaints with EPA if they observe environmental hazards or unusual emissions from the facility. Contact information for EPA Region 7 is available on the EPA website.
Post ID: 4230  ยท  Slug: corporate-greed-green-america-recycling-hazardous-waste  ยท  Original: 2025-05-21  ยท  Rebuilt: 2026-03-20

You can read all about this ironic environmental scandal by visiting the EPA’s website: https://yosemite.epa.gov/OA/RHC/EPAAdmin.nsf/Filings/786D408A22148F7685258C6000584581/$File/Green%20America%20Recycling%20Consent%20Agreement%20and%20Final%20Order.pdf

๐Ÿ’ก Explore Corporate Misconduct by Category

Corporations harm people every day โ€” from wage theft to pollution. Learn more by exploring key areas of injustice.

Aleeia
Aleeia

I'm the creator this website. I have 6+ years of experience as an independent researcher studying corporatocracy and its detrimental effects on every single aspect of society.

For more information, please see my About page.

All posts published by this profile were either personally written by me, or I actively edited / reviewed them before publishing. Thank you for your attention to this matter.

Articles: 1679